蓬岛瑶台Pengdao Yaotai

概况

蓬岛瑶台位于福海中央，由三座岛屿组成（S05 j82:16b, E1933）。中岛有南向宫门三楹、正殿七楹，殿前东为畅襟楼、西为神洲三岛，东偏为随安室，西偏为日日平安报好音；东南过桥为东岛，有亭名瀛海仙山；西北过桥为北岛，有正宇三楹（E1933）。雍正时名蓬莱洲，乾隆九年（1744）改今名（S05 j80:10a）。乾隆年间端午，皇帝在望瀛洲观龙舟，皇太后则在其东的蓬岛瑶台观竞渡（S202 j14, E1889）。据刘敦桢1933年的史料整理，1860年焚园之后此处仍有建筑留存（E0451），其后何时毁失，现有资料未载。

1744年四十景图及御制诗序

四十景图第三十二景（P0032）。乾隆帝诗序云：“福海中作大小三島仿李思訓畫意為仙山樓閣之狀”，望之若“金堂五所玉樓十二”；又言小大一如，能知此理，则此即三壶仙岛（S40, E1925; S05 j82:17a）。诗中写名花、白玉墀，以及“水中樓閣浸琉璃”。

1860年以前的变化

The dragon-boat feast moved from 望瀛洲 and 蓬岛瑶台 to 澄虚榭 Chengxu Xie under Jiaqing; the race was still held in the early Daoguang years and then stopped (S202 j14, E1889). S360 files 28 dated items under 福海, 1741-1858, 26 of them poems, on boating, the view and the summer heat (E2365): the lake was in use to the end. No dated rebuilding was found in the texts read.

园林环境

On P0032 the main island carries a yellow-roofed gate with green-tiled wings on a stone base and a white stair to the water, the main hall behind with a blue upper roof trimmed in yellow and a purple-brown lower roof, a green-roofed two-storey 楼 on the east and a railed terrace on the west; the north-west islet is grey-tiled behind white walls and linked by an arched timber bridge; the east islet carries a hexagonal pavilion among willows. Rocks edge every shore. (S08 P0032)

现存

蓬岛瑶台诸岛仍在福海之中，福海保持原有轮廓（S146，S148）。岛上今有新建建筑：从岸上可见一座琉璃攒尖亭顶，以及一座建在石基上的白墙灰瓦殿宇（P0791，P0387）。未见诸岛的考古发掘报告（S946）。