概况
澹泊宁静位于日天琳宇以东稍南,“稻田彌望河水周環”,中有田字形殿,四面设门,东、北两面有楼,北楼正宇即名澹泊宁静(S05 j81:29a;E1633),至迟建于雍正五年(1727)(E1640;S310)。殿西门外另有院墙,内有南向七间的多稼轩和一组以农事为题的建筑,乾隆二十四年(1759)乾隆帝作十景诗,次年小修(E1620;E1647);《圆明园五朝御制诗文集注》将这组建筑归入映水兰香(E1670)。乾隆帝曾在稻香亭观看收割(E1651)。1860年10月18日至19日英军焚园时被毁(E0485)。2020年至2022年考古发掘揭露了田字房的全部基址,基址、院落和道路均有严重火烧痕迹,发掘者认为与1860年大火有关(S137;S139;E1644)。
1744年四十景图及御制诗序
《圆明园四十景图》第二十幅(P0020)。乾隆帝诗序说:“仿田字為房密室周遮塵氛不到”,屋外槐荫花蔓、流水涟漪、芦苇苍苍。景名出自诸葛亮“澹泊以明志,宁静以致远”,诗中称之为“武侯妙語”(S40;E1618)。
1860年以前的变化
日下旧闻考 lists the full group in the 1780s: 曙光楼 east, 翠扶楼 outside the east gate, the western court with 多稼轩, 观稼轩 on the paddy side, 怡情悦目 behind, 稻香亭, 溪山不尽, 兰溪隐玉, 水精域 south of the west pool, 静香屋, 招鹤磴, 寸碧 and 引胜, and 互妙楼 to the north (S05 j81:29a-29b; E1633). The 多稼轩 was repaired in 1760 ("结构年深稍葺治 栋宇从新", S361 v2 p.190; E1647). Jiaqing wrote on 澹泊宁静 in 1804 and 1807 (E1628, E1631). The excavators say the base agrees with the documents, with rooms 4.48 m wide and eaves columns 3.68 m (S139; E1643). Malone puts it about a quarter mile east of 日天琳宇 (S02 p.89; E1639).
A short mhymy record without sheet data (S310 rec. 2579) places the 田-shaped hall north of the 后湖, south-west of 舍卫城 Shewei Cheng, built by 1727. The 初编 has one page, p.266 (E1642). No 丈尺 was found in any Qing source read here; the documents the excavators compared with were not seen.
逐座建筑
| 建筑 | 开间 | 屋顶 | 层数 | 朝向 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 田字殿 Tianzi Dian | front about 7 (uncertain by one), with a plaque over the centre bay | single eaves; the ranges' roofs meet in valleys that read as a square of ridges behind the front, i.e. the 田 plan; ridges rolled, hip ends with upturned corners | 1 | S | S01, S05, S08, S137 |
| 曙光楼 Shuguang Lou | 2 | S05 | |||
| 翠扶楼 Cuifu Lou | 2 | S01, S05, S360 | |||
| 多稼轩 Duojia Xuan | 7 | S | S01, S05, S42, S360, S361 | ||
| 观稼轩 Guanjia Xuan | S01, S05, S361 | ||||
| 怡情悦目 Yiqing Yuemu | S01, S05 | ||||
| 稻香亭 Daoxiang Ting | S05, S360 | ||||
| 溪山不尽 Xishan Bujin | S05 | ||||
| 兰溪隐玉 Lanxi Yinyu | S05 | ||||
| 水精域 Shuijing Yu | S01, S05 | ||||
| 静香屋 Jingxiang Wu | S01, S05, S361 | ||||
| 招鹤磴 Zhaohe Deng | S05 | ||||
| 寸碧亭 Cunbi Ting | S05 | ||||
| 引胜 Yinsheng | S05 | ||||
| 互妙楼 Humiao Lou | 2 | S01, S05 |
另有1座地盘图上未注名称的建筑
图像
1745年木刻
1750至1792年水粉
1887年石印本
其他图像

室内
Plaques: 澹泊宁静 (Qianlong's hand) on the north tower; south gate 亦复佳, west gate 得山水趣, behind the north gallery 麦雨稻风, and 曙光楼, all Qianlong's; 多稼轩, 观稼轩, 怡情悦目, 稻香亭, 溪山不尽, 兰溪隐玉 in Yongzheng's hand (S05 j81:29b; E1633). Couplets of 多稼轩 (Qianlong): "風裊爐烟移晝漏 月臨書幌正宵衣" and "厥惟艱哉載芟載柞籌穡事 亦既勤止曰暘曰雨驗農時" (S05 j81:29b-30a). A copy of Lou Shu's 耕织图 Gengzhi Tu by Cheng Qi was kept in this group (S361 v2 p.185; E1670). Pot plum in 静香屋 ("盆梅几朵才舒蕊", E1654).
园林环境
Rice paddies as far as the eye could see ("稻田彌望"), with water all round ("河水周環") (S05 j81:29a; E1633). Shade trees, flowers and reeds (E1618). In the west court: a rock stream, a bamboo-roofed pavilion, a pond of Rehe carp fed by a sluice (S05 j81:30b-33b; E1620); a real waterfall through an artificial rockery at 水精域 (E1653); a small rockery climbed to 寸碧亭 (E1658); 互妙楼 half up a hill (E1660); 招鹤磴, a stone stair named for calling cranes (E1656, E1657). The dig found pebble aprons and paddy soil of the imperial rice field (S137; E1644).
现存
自2020年11月起,圆明园管理处、北京市文物研究所与北京大学连续三期发掘,揭露田字房全部基址:共33间,每间约4.48米见方,廊宽1.28米,台基残高约0.55米,存柱础、地面砖、排水沟、台阶和卵石散水,均有严重火烧痕迹;还发现了御稻田的水田遗迹(S139;S137;S138)。整个景区南北约140米、东西约160米,占地约2.6万平方米,建筑面积约1350平方米(S139)。
考古与勘测
我们读到的资料中未见其遗址的发掘或勘测。
他人的复原
现代诠释,不是证据,本项目不据以定尺寸或位置。
- 澹泊宁静 (caption 谵泊宁静 in a gallery) (, render) 查看: thepaper.cn
- “机械臂展示圆明园数字化复原视频”, “圆明·交融” exhibition (中央美术学院圆明园研究中心, video) 查看: news.bjd.com.cn
已知尺寸
| 部位 | 项目 | 尺寸 | 方法 | 等级 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 澹泊宁静 scene, whole | Court depth | 140 m ± 10 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S139, 中国日报网 2020-12-16, para. 2 |
| 澹泊宁静 scene, whole | Court width | 160 m ± 10 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S139, 中国日报网 2020-12-16, para. 2 |
| base | Platform height | 0.55 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, news 2022-11-04 (E1644), 仅见搜索摘要 |
| eaves columns | Column height | 3.68 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S139, news 2020-12-16 (E1643), 仅见搜索摘要 |
| 田字房 base 台基 as it stands | Platform height | 0.55 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, E1644 |
| 田字房 eave columns 檐柱 | Column height | 3.68 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S139, 中国日报网 2020-12-16, para. 4 (张中华) |
| study | Frontage | 3.2 m ± 1 | a 测绘或清代图档 | C | S361, v2 p.195 (E1655), Qianlong 1791 |
| the scene's outline on the plan | Extent, long side | 231 m ± 10 | b 地盘图或遗址 | C | S01, layers/scenes_1860, UTM 50N, minimum rotated rectangle |
| the scene's outline on the plan | Extent, short side | 64 m ± 10 | b 地盘图或遗址 | C | S01, layers/scenes_1860, UTM 50N, minimum rotated rectangle |
| island I005 | Island, short side | 101 m ± 10 | b 地盘图或遗址 | B | S01, layers/islands_1860, UTM 50N, minimum rotated rectangle |
| island I005 | Island, long side | 267 m ± 10 | b 地盘图或遗址 | B | S01, layers/islands_1860, UTM 50N, minimum rotated rectangle |
| the scene's outline on the plan | Area | 8500 m² ± 900 | b 地盘图或遗址 | C | S01, layers/scenes_1860, UTM 50N, polygon area |
全部19个数字
| 部位 | 项目 | 尺寸 | 方法 | 等级 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| scene | Scene extent ew ns | 150 m ± 10 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S139, news 2020-12-16 (E1643), 仅见搜索摘要 |
| gallery | Gallery width | 1.28 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, news 2022-11-04 (E1644), 仅见搜索摘要 |
| room | Room square | 4.48 m ± 0.05 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, news 2022-11-04 (E1644); S139 (E1643), 仅见搜索摘要 |
| 田字房 gallery 廊 | Gallery depth | 1.28 m ± 0.02 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, E1644 |
| 田字房, each of the 33 rooms | Bay width | 4.48 m ± 0.02 | a 测绘或清代图档 | B | S137, 中新网 2022-11-04; E1644 |
| island I005 | Island area | 18100 m² ± 1800 | b 地盘图或遗址 | B | S01, layers/islands_1860, UTM 50N, polygon area |
| water inside the scene's outline | Water inside the outline | 660 m² ± 70 | b 地盘图或遗址 | B | S01, layers/water_1860 within layers/scenes_1860 |
本页引用的资料 (12)
- S01 Plan of the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden-Palace, unknown artist, three hanging scrolls, ink and colour on paper, 177 × 253 cm together
- S02 Carroll Brown Malone, History of the Peking Summer Palaces under the Ch'ing Dynasty, Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences XIX, Urbana 1934; reprint Paragon 1966
- S05 《日下旧闻考》 Rixia jiuwen kao (Yu Minzhong et al.), juan 80-85 (Round 20 also juan 76-79, 84-87 and 98-100: the gardens round ours, the roads, 郊坰), Kanripo KR2k0036, WYG base
- S08 圆明园四十景图 Forty Scenes album, Tangdai and Shen Yuan, 40 leaves, BnF Estampes RESERVE FT 6-B-9, one BnF record per leaf; poems Qianlong, calligraphy Wang Youdun
- S40 御制圆明园四十景诗 / 图咏
- S42 梦回圆明园 mhymy.com: 档案史料 reports (11301, 11446, 11467, 11480, 11559, 11828, 12205, 12324, 12600, 12613, 12739) and scene list /ymss/jqjs/ymy
- S137 中新网 徐婧, 澹泊宁静
- S138 光明日报 via 中新网, 澹泊宁静
- S139 中国日报网, 圆明园遗址考古有重大发现
- S310 梦回圆明园 mhymy.com, 档案史料 > 样式雷图档 /dasl/ysltd/: per-drawing records (图名, 图幅, 款式, 图纸性质, 绘制年代, 收藏机构, 排架编码) with a description, for drawings held by NLC 国家图书馆善本部, 故宫博物院图书馆, 清华大学
- S360 圆明园管理处 (attachment on the park's site), 圆明园百景史事分景汇编: dated records and imperial poems scene by scene, compiled from the Veritable Records and the emperors' collected poem
- S361 何瑜 (cover name; 编著 as on the volumes), 圆明园五朝御制诗文集注, vols 2-4 of the first four volumes, PDF on the park's site: the imperial poems and essays of five reigns by scene, wit

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