万方安和Wanfang Anhe

概况

万方安和位于杏花春馆西北，建于湖中，平面呈“卍”字形（S05 j81:9a；E1447），至迟建于雍正五年（1727）（E1451；S310）。卍字各臂皆有题名的房间，向阳正室在东南（E1442）。乾隆帝说此处“冬燠夏爽”，是其父雍正帝喜居之所（E1441）。马龙（Malone）记其建于砖石基座上，四面环水，湖南端另有一座较小的十字形建筑（E1450）。东北有桥通平安院，南岸有重檐十字亭（E1451）。1860年10月18日至19日英军焚园时被毁（E0485）。

1744年四十景图及御制诗序

《圆明园四十景图》第十三幅（P0013）。乾隆帝诗序说：“水心架搆形作卍字畧彴相通”，遥望对岸奇花如锦绣；秋夜月下，“此百尺地寜非佛胸涌出寳光耶”。注中说雍正帝喜居于此，冬暖夏凉（S40；E1441）。

1860年以前的变化

In 1764 Qianlong wrote nine poems on the four-character plaques, all in Yongzheng's hand, and his preface says the gallery runs round every side and each turn gives a different view (S05 j81:10a-12a; E1442). The 日下旧闻考 note reads the plaques arm by arm (S05 j81:9a-9b; E1447), which places each room on its arm: south main room 万方安和; east-west inner rooms 对溪山, 佳气迎人; centre 四方宁静; west 观妙音, 枕流漱石, 洞天深处; east 安然, 一炉香, 碧溪一带, 山水清音; north 涤尘心, 神洲三岛, 高山流水, all in Yongzheng's hand; on the west wing of the south arm 凝神, 静寄, and on the east 澄观, in Qianlong's hand. 端木泓 Duanmu Hong, in an article seen only as an abstract, reads the whole as a Buddhist cosmic diagram, with the 十字亭 and the long hall of 山高水长 as answering strokes (S357; E1453): an interpretation, not evidence.

The one plan found is 样053-1-2, 万方安和地盘全样 (NLC, 1650x744 mm, ink, light colour, red and yellow slips, paste-overs, presentation sheet, 乾嘉时期; E1456; S310 rec. 7980): earlier than 1860 by decades. The Palace Museum card model (烫样) of 万方安和殿, shown in Hong Kong in 2024, is reported to be of the Tongzhi repair (S326, search extract; S261; S920): a design of 1873-74, not the hall of 1860. The mhymy record calls the building 万字房 and says it stood by 雍正五年 (1727) (S310 rec. 7980).

室内

Centre couplet (Qianlong): "四海昇平承帝眷 萬幾兢業亮天工" (S05 j81:9b; E1447). The poems give room features: the centre room square with galleries on all four sides ("四面尽通廊，中间正且方", E1462); the north room 神洲三岛 has a loft inside ("室中亦有楼", E1466); 高山流水 has a spring led in and rocks piled ("疏泉还叠石", E1467); 碧溪一带 looks east down a long stream with mist entering the low windows (E1463). 佳气迎人 is reached turning west then north to the middle ("向西旋转北，步近室之中", E1460).

园林环境

Built in open water, joined to the shores by plank bridges (E1441); a brick and stone base (S02 p.81; E1450). Reed islets and willow dykes in the poems ("秋月芦花渚，春风柳线隄", E1463). Flowers on the far bank (E1441). A cross-shaped pavilion on the south shore (E1450, E1451).

P0013 shows the swastika building in the lake on high white stone bases with ochre inset panels and steps to the water, grey 歇山 roofs on each wing, red-brown columns, a white arched bridge at its east end and timber bridges with red railings elsewhere; a cross-plan pavilion with a gilt finial stands on the south-west shore. The 卍 plan is only partly legible from this angle; the woodcut P0096 shows how the wings meet. Autumn trees. (S08 P0013, crop ym13_c1; S76 P0096)

现存

卍字形台基仍立于水中，经过修整：各臂为同一高度、石砌边缘的铺装平台，臂间有水道（P0381）。2003年发掘在西岸发现原有的石砌“响水”水槽，样式雷图上此处注有“响水”；此后水景修复重新放水，规模小于图样所示（S944）。